Paper manufacture



March 29, 1932.

A. R. HARVEY PAPER MANUFACTURE Filed June 15,

2 Sheets-Sheet l March 29, 1932. HARVEY 1,851,176

PAPER MANUFACTURE Filed June 13, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 0 66 65 7a 7.9 O7 v a.

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, method. Other objects and advantages of the inven- Patented Mar. 29,1932 stares teams HARVEY, or mrnnnnrown, OHIO, Assmnon To run GARDNER &HARVEY GOMPANY, 0F MIDDLETOWN, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO PAPERMANUFACTURE Application filed June 13, 1930. Serial No. 460,993.

;This invention relates to the manufacture of paper, and moreparticularly to the manufacture of moistureproof or waterproof paper,such as is suitable for container board.

One ofthe principal objects of the invention is to provide a method ofmaking a paper of this character which is simple, easily carried out,admits of accurate and effective control of the ingredients and of thepaper making operation, and which is efiective to produce a high gradewaterproof or moistureproof paper of controlled characteristics.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a method of formingan emulsion of a waterproofing material such as bitumen in a colloidalsuspension, such as a water suspension of clay, in which accuratecontrol of the character, temperature and other characteristics of theemulsion, and of the proportions of the ingredients of the emulsion, is-

readily efiected and maintained.

Still another object of the invention is to traveling felt 17.

a web of paper is formed on the screen forming surface thereof, theliquid of the stock passing through the cylinder mold and beingwithdrawn from the central portion thereof in the customary manner. Theweb carried upwardly by the rotation of the cylinder mold is transferredopposite a couch roll 18 to a v This traveling felt is trainedsuccessively over the respective cylinder molds in series, so that aseparate web of paper is added to the felt, or' to the webs carried bythe felt, at each respective cylinder mold, thereby forming a multiplysheet.

Thus in the manufacture of container board, the first vat 10 may be suplied with a better grade of bottom liner stoc whereas the vats 11 and12, as well as the vats 13 and 14, may be supplied with inferior gradesof filler stock. Likewise the vat 15, may be supplied with a bettergrade of top liner stock. While six vats and six cylinder molds areillustrated in the drawings, it is to be underprovide apparatus forcarrying out the ah y stood that any other suitable number may be tionwill be apparent from the following description, the accompanyingdrawings and appended claims.

In the drawings, in which like characters of reference designate likeparts throughout the several views thereofv r Fig. 1 is a diagrammaticillustration of a portion of the apparatus constructed for carrying outthe method of this invention;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of another portion of theapparatus, Figs. 1 and 2 when placed together on the line A-A'disclosingthe complete apparatus; and

' Fig.3 is a diagrammatic illustration of certainof the controlmechanism of this invention.

Referring to the drawings which discloses a preferred embodiment of theinvention,

there is illustrated in Fig. l by way of example a paper forming machineof the cyla plurality of vats, designated 10 to 15 inc usive. A cylindermold 16 is mounted in each vat, and dips within paper forming stocksupplied to its respective vat. Upon rotation of the perforate cylindermold,

character desired.

Postioned intermediate two of the vats 12 and 13 is a tank or vat 20, towhich is supplied by the pipe 21 a suitable waterproofing material.Dipping within the liquid -yvaterproofing material in vat 20-is aperforate rotary roll 22 having a fine screen surface which serves topick upa film or layer of the waterproofing material upon rotation ofthe roll 22, and to apply this film of waterproofing material to the webor sheet carried by the felt 17 as it contacts with the roll 22 oppositea couch roll 23. In this manner, a

multiply sheet is formed having an interior layer or film ofwaterproofing material, the

particular arrangement shown providing a sheet of three lower paperplies, then a layer or film of waterproofing material and then threesuperposed upper layers-or plies of pa-.

per. The sheet formed on the cylinder machine is then carried tosuitable treating apterial for paper of this character is a pitchy'paratus such as is customary in board mamoisture and water, it isdesirable that the quantity or proportion of waterproofing material,such as asphalt, added to the sheet be accurately controlled and theproportion maintained. Container boards for different uses also requiredifferent amounts or proportions of waterproofing material, dependinguponthe degree of moistureproofness or waterproofness desired. Theapparatus for carrying out ,the method of the present invention isconstructed to easily and accurate- 1y maintain the desired proportions,and to permit ready and accurate variation of the ingredients fordifferent grades of paper.

' Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, a tank 26 is supplied from asuitable source with a pitchy binder such as asphalt. This tank isprovided with suitable heating coils, such as steam coils 27,.in orderto maintain the asphalt properly fluid. A high melting point asphalt,such as one having a melting point in excess of 250 F. may be used,although lower melting point pitches are satisfactory. A pipe 28 openingfrom the bottom of tank 26 communicates with the intake of a suitablepump, such as a gear pump 29, which serves to withdraw the moltenasphalt from tank 26- andv circulate it through a pipe 30 discharginginto a headbox 31 arranged above tank 26. Headbox 31 is provided with apartition 32 dividing the same into two compartments 33 and34. Thepartition 32 terminates below the upper end of box 31 so that excessmaterial supplied to the'headbox overflows this partition into thecompartment 33 and thence is returned by gravity feed pipe 35 to tank26. Compartment 34 communicates by pipe 36 with aconstant displacementtype of pump 37, very satisfactory results being secured by a pump ofthe lobed impeller type such as a Roots pump. In this type ofpump, aconstant volume of material is supplied on each revolution of theimpellers of the pump, so that an accurate control of the materialsupplied. is secured by controlling the rate of rotation of theimpellers ofthe pump.

At the same time, a suspension of a suitable colloidal material, such asclay, is formed in water in a tank or clay blu-nger 40 provided withasuitable agitating mechanism 41 driven by a motor 42. This suspensionpasses by a valve controlled feed pipe 43 to a suspension storage tank44, where a suitably large volume of the suspension may be formed andtory results are maintained in readiness for use. A pipe 45 opening fromthe bottom of tank 44 connects with the intake of a suitable pump, such.as a centrifugal pump 46, which in turn discharges through a pipe 47into a suitable headbox 48 similar in construction to headbox 31.Preferably a vibrating screen, such as a reciprocating plate screen 49,is interposed in the circulating system to screen out lumps and largeparticles or impurities from the suspension, this screen beingconveniently positioned between the discharge of pipe 47 and the headbox48. The headbox 48 is pro-' vided with an overflow partition 50, so thatthe excess suspension supplied thereto may overflow this partition andreturn by downtake pipe 51 tothe clay blunger 40. -A con.-

1 results being secured nected by a coupling 59 to a shaft 60 containingacone pulley mechanism diagrammatical- 1y illustrated at 61. The conepulley mech anism 61 is connected by belt 62 with a cooperating conepulley mechanism 63 mounted on a shaft 64 to which is pinned a pulley orcog Wheel 65 connected by belt or chain 66 with a pulley or cog wheel 67mounted on the.

shaft 68 of the asphalt pump 37. Shaft 64 also has pinned thereto apulley 7 0 connected by belt 71 with a pulley 72 on shaft 73 carrying acone pulley mechanism 74, which in turn is belted at 75 to a cooperatingcone pulley mechanism 76 on shaft 77. This shaft 77 has pinned thereto apulley 78 which is belted at 79 to a pulley 80 on shaft 81 of the claysuspension pump 54. s 1

As the constant displacement pump 37 continuously supplying a stream ofasphalt, and

the constant "displacement pump 54 continuously supplying a stream ofclay suspension, are driven at controlled and proportionate speeds bythe common driving motor 58, ac curate proportioning of the ingredientsis. thus insured. The asphalt supplied to tank 26 to make up that usedmay of course be in its natural form, so that there isno substantialvariation in the supply of this ingredient. Controlled amounts andproportions of water and clay are supplied from time to time to the clayblunger 40 to make up for the amount of clay suspension removed from thesystem, and to maintain the clay suspension of a definite concentration.For example, satisfacobtained in the manufacture of container board bymixing and formingan initial suspension of clay in water in theproportions of about one-half pound of clay to the gallon of water. Thisclay is a very finely divided clay, generally of a size which will passthrough an eighty mesh screen. The ingredients thus pass to the pumps 37and 54 undersuitably standardized conditions, and definite proportionsof these ingredients are supplied by the synchronized pumps. Theconstruction permits the ready and accurate variation of the proportionsof ingredients, such as for different grades of container board. Forexample, if it is desired to vary the proportions of the claysuspension, this may be done" by adjusting the cone pulley mechanism7476, which varies the speed of the clay suspension pump 54: withoutvarying or disturbing the speed of the asphalt pump 37. Again, if it isdesired to vary the total quantity of ingredients pumped per unit oftime without varying the proportions of the ingredients, this may bedone by adjusting the cone pulley mechanism 6163 which variesproportionately the driving rates of both the asphalt pump 37 and theclay suspension pump 54.. Or both the total quantity of ingredientssupplied, and the proportions of the ingredients supplied" may be variedin a controlled manner by proper manipulation of both cone pulleymechanisms 61 63 and It is found desirable to control the temperaturesof the ingredients being mixed and emulsified, as well as theirproportions, in

order to obtain an emulsion of better character, and a more satisfactorypaper. As shown, the asphalt pump 37 forces the molten and highly heatedasphalt through a cooling coil 84 prior to its introduction by pipe 85into an emulsion forming tank 86. For example, the melted asphalt comingfrom tank 26 is generally at a temperature in excess of 300 F. and thisasphalt is cooled toa temperature of approximately 260" F. at the coil84. This.may be 'aniatmospheric cooling coil. Also the clay suspensionpump 5d forces this suspension through a heating coil 87 immersed in abath of heated liquid, such as hot water,'in a tank 88' provided withvalve controlled inlet and outlet connections 89 and 90 respectively forthe introduction of the heating liquid to the tank. The clay suspensionis thus preferably heated to a temperature of approximately 160 F.before it is introduced by pipe 91 into the emulsion tank 86.

'While the proportions of the asphalt and clay may be varied over a widerange and a satisfactory emulsion formed, itis found preferable tomaintain the quantity of clay or inert colloid in the emulsion at a lowpercentage so as to not unduly dilute the waterproofing uality of theasphalt or other pitchy'binder. ery satisfactory results havebeensecured in actual commercial operations in the manufacture. of containerboard with I an emulsion in which the amount of asphalt is approximatelynine times the dry weight of the clay used. Any suitable form ofemulsifier may be used which is satisfactory to convert the ingredientsinto a non-adhesive emulsion of sufficiently permanent character. Onesatisfactory type of emulsifying tank'is illustrated in the drawingswhich is provided with an interior cylindrical partition 93 within whichis mounted a'high speed agitating mechanism 94: driven by a suitablemotor 95, serving to impart a downward circulation of the mixedingredients through the channel confined by the partition 93, thecirculating mass then passing beneath the partition 93 to the peripheryof the tank and upwardly through the outside annular channel to theupper portion thereof. In order to further control the conditions ofemulsification, the tank 86 is provided with a jacket 86 to which aheating fluid such as hot water may be supplied by pipe 96, or.a coolingfluid such as cold water by pipe 97, the said heating or coolingmediumdischargint' from the jacket by pipe 98.

A suitable thermostat 100 of conventional character is provided withinthe emulsion tank, and is connected by a suitable conventional form oflinkage 101 with avalve 103 in pipe 96, and by a similar linkage 104with a valve 105 in the pipe 97, to automatically control the supplyofheating or cooling medium to the tank to maintain a predeterminedtemperature conditions therein. The arrangement is such that should thetemperature within the tank fall below a predetermined point, thethermostat 100 will actuate the linkage to close valve and to open valve103' to supply a heating fluid .to the jacket 95; and conversely shouldthe temperature of the emulsion rise above the predetermined degree,thevalve 103 is closed and the valve 105 is opened to supply a coolingmedium thereto. Y

'During the continuous supply of a concoordinated with the rate ofwithdrawal of the formed'emulsion by pipe 107 so as to maintain adesired level of material within tank 86. Pipe 107 is connected byval-ve controlled branches 108 and 109 to a plurality of dilution tanks,shown to be two in number and designated 110 and 111 respectively. Eachdilution tank is provided with a suitable agitating mechanism shown as amotor driven stirrer 112, and dilution water is added by pipe 113 havingvalve controlled branches 114 and 115 respectively communicating withthe tanks 110 and 111. After the emulsion is once formed, it is misciblein substantally all proportons with water, and for convenience inhandling and for proper application at the forming machine it is dilutedfrom the higher concentration which is more satisfactory for the initialformation of the emulsion. In the manufacture of container board,satisfactory results are secured by the dilution of the emulsion withwater at these dilution tanks so as to provide an emulsion containingabout 2 pounds of asphalt to the gallon of emulsion. Preferably two ormore dilution tanks are provided so that one may be receiving theemulsion continuously discharged from the emulsifying tank 86, while theproper dilution of the batch previously supplied to the other tank isbeing carried out therein, and that batch is then being pumped to astorage tank.

The dilution tanks 110 and 111 communi- Cate by valve controlled pipes117 and 118 respectively with the intake 119 of a suitable pump, suchasa. centrifugal pump 121), which forces the emulsion through adischarge pipe 121 to a storage tank 122, where a reserve supply of theemulsion is maintained. Preferably the pipe 121 discharges onto avibrating plate screen 123 to rename any remaining lumps orobjectionably large particles from the emulsion, the screen in turndischarging into tank During operation of the paper machine, emulsion iscontinuously withdrawn from the lower portion of tank 122 throughpipe125 by centrifugal pump 126 and forced through pipe 127 to a headbox 128arranged at a higher level than tank 122, another vibrating plate screen129 being positioned within the circulating line, preferably to receivethe discharge from the pipe 127 and to direct the screened emulsion intoheadbox 128. Headbox 128 is provided with two spaced partitions 130 and131, dividing the headbox into three compartments 132-134, the screen129- discharging into the central compartment 133. The excess emulsionsupplied to the headbox overflows partition 130 into compartment 132,and is then returned by the gravity feed pipe 136 to the storage tank122 Partition 131 is provided with a sliding gate or adjustable Weir137, so that the quantity oi emulsion discharge from compartment 134into the gravity offtake pipe 138 maybe controlled and suitable varied.Pipe 138 in turn discharges into a dilution box 140 into whichadditional dilution water may be added by pipe 141 controlled by valve142' to suitably dilute thewaterproofing emulsion for use on the papermachine. Thus satisfactory results are obtained in the manufacture ofcontainer board 'maintain the desired level within vat 20.

where the emulsion is finally-diluted for use to provide about one totwo pounds of asphalt to the gallon of Water supplied to the papermachine. The dilution box 140 communicates by gravity feed pipe 143 withthe pipe 21 which in turn discharges into vat 20 to maintain the desiredlevel of emulsion with inthis vat.

In this manner, an emulsion of standard concentration is produced andsupplied to the storage tank 122. This emulsion is then continouslycirculated and agitated, and a continuous stream is withdrawn at acontrolled rate from the circulating mass by suitable adjustment ofplate 137. By suitably adjusting the plate 137, the quantity of asphaltsupplied to the web is coordinated with the speed of the paper machineand consequently the speed of formation of the paper web, and also withthe quantity of asphalt or emulsion to be added to the paper web, sothat a film of the desired thickness and containing the desired quantityof waterproofing material is continuously applied to the traveling web.Thus with some types of container board, the addition of an interiorfilm containing about fifteen pounds of asphalt per thousand square feetof board is satisfactory to give the desired 1noistureproofness, whereaswith other types of container board the application of about twentypounds of asphalt per square feet of board is desirable.

At the same time, the total quantity of liquid supplied to the vat 20may be adjusted by manipulation of valve 142 in dilution pipe 141 so asto maintain the proper level of emulsion in vat 20. .Thus where it is.desired to add the same quantity of waterproofing material to the sheet,but for some reason the total quantity of liquid emulsion supplied tovat 20 is not suflicient to maintain the level therein, increasedquantities of water are added by pipe 141 to maintain the liquid levelin vat 20 I Without varying the actual amount of asphalt or otherwaterproofing material added to the vat, and accordingly to the sheet,per unit of time. lVhere the liquid level in vat 20 tends to rise, thesupply of emulsion liquid may be cut down by suitably restricting theamount of dilution li uid added by pipe 141 without in any way hangingthe total quantity of waterproofing material added. On the other hand.where it is desired to change the quantity of waterproofing materialadded, this may be done by suitably changing the positioning of plate137 to increase or decrease the quantity of emulsion supplied by pipe138, the

quantity of dilution water added at pipe 141 I then being coordinatedtherewith so as to lVhile the method-herein described, and

the form of apparatus for carrying this method into effect, constitutepreferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that theinvention is not limited to this precise method and form of apparatus,and that changes may be made in either without departing from the scopeof the invention which is defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In the manufacture of paper, the method which comprises'heating apitchy binder to maintain the same properly fluid, circulating the fluidbinder, forming a water suspens1on binder, forming a water suspension ofa C01- ing loidal substance such as clay,

loidal substance such as clay, simultaneously circulating the watersuspension, withdrawing controlled and proportioned streams of agitatingthe withdrawn stream of pitchy binder and the withdrawn streamofscreened Water suspension of colloidal substance to form an emulsionthereof, and utilizing the emulsion as an ingredient in the formation ofa sheet of paper.

5. In the manufacture of paper, the method which comprises heating apitchy binder to maintain the same properly fluid, circulating the fluidbinder,-forming a water suspension of a colloidal substance such asclay, simultaneously circulating the water suspension, withdrawingcontrolled and proportioned streams of the circulating pitchy binder andwater suspension, mixing and agitating the withdrawn streams to form anemulsion thereof, diluting the formed emulsion with water, screening thediluted emulsion, and utilizing the screened emulsion as an ingredientin the formation of a sheet of paper.

6. In the manufacture of paper, the meth:

od which comprises heating a pitchy binder to maintain the same properlyfluid, circuthe circulating pitchy binder and water sus- V pension,cooling the withdrawn stream of pitchy binder to a relatively lowertemperature,-mixing and agitating the withdrawn cooled stream of pitchybinder with the withdrawn stream of water suspension, agitating themixture to form an emulsion thereof, and applying the emulsion to atraveling web of paper. e

3. In the manufacture of paper, the method which comprises heating apitchy binder to a relative higher temperature to maintain the sameproperly fluid, circulating the fluid binder, forming a water suspensionof a colsimultaneously circulating the water suspension,withdrawcontrolled and proportioned'streams of the circulating pitchybinder and water suspension, cooling the withdrawn stream of pitchybinder to a relatively lower temperature, heating the withdrawn streamof water suspension to a controlled higher temperature, mixing thewithdrawn streams of pitchy binder and water suspension at controlledtemperatures, agitating the mixed streams under controlled temperatureconditions to form an emulsion thereof, diluting the emulsion withwater, and applying the diluted emulsion to a traveling web of paper.

4. In the manufacture of paper, the method which comprises heating apitchy binder to maintain the same properly fluid, circulating the fluidbinder, forming a water suspension of a colloidal substance such asclay, simultaneously circulating the water suspension, withdrawingcontrolled and proportioned streams of the circulating pitchy binder andwater suspension, screening the water suspension of colloidal substance,mixing and .taneously circulating withdrawing controlled andproportioned lating the fluid binder, forming a water suspension of acolloidal substance such as clay,

simultaneously circulating the water suspension, withdrawing controlledand proportioned streams of the circulating pitchy binder and watersuspension, mixing and agitating the withdrawn streams toform' anemulsion thereof, diluting the formed emulsion with water, circulatingthe diluted emulsion, withdrawing a controlled stream of the circulatingemulsion, adding a controlled stream of additional dilution water to thewithdrawn emulsion stream, and applying the diluted emulsion to atraveling web of paper.

7. In the manufacture of paper, themethod which comprises heating apitchy binder to maintain the same properly fluid, circulating the fluidbinder, forming a water suspension of a colloidal substance such asclay, simulthe water suspension,

streams of the circulating pitchy binder and water suspension, mixingand agitating the withdrawn streams thereof, diluting the formedemulsion with water, screening the diluted emulsion, circulating thediluted screened emulsion, screening the circulating emulsion,withdrawing a controlled stream of the circulating screened emulsion,adding a controlled stream of additional dilution water to the withdrawnemulsion stream, and applying the diluted emulsion to a traveling web ofpaper.

8. In the manufacture of paper, the method which comprises forming anemulsionof a pitchy binder in a water suspension of a colloidalsubstance such as clay, withdraw ing'a stream of the formed emulsion,diluting the withdrawn emulsion stream with water, applying the dilutedemulsion to a traveling web of paper, controlling the rate of withdrawalof the emulsion stream in accordance to form an emulsion.

with the speed of travel of the web of paper to thereby control theamount of emulsion ingreclients applied to the paper web per unitlength, and controlling the amount of dilution Water added to thewithdrawn emulsion stream to thereby control the total amount of licauidin the emulsion supplied to the paper in ependently of the amount ofemulsion ingredients supplied thereto.

9. In the manufacture of paper, the meth od which comprises circulatingat a controlled rate an excess of an emulsion of a pitchy binder in awater suspension of colloidal substances such as clay from a lowerreceptacle to a receptacle at a higher elevation,'withdrawing acontrolled stream of the circulating emulsion from the upper receptacleand returning the excess of the circulating emulsion by gravity to thelower receptacle, adding a controlled stream of dilution water to thewithdrawn emulsion stream, supplying the diluted stream of emulsion to apaper forming machine, and applying the diluted emulsion to a travelingweb of paper being formed on the paper machine.

10. In the manufacture of paper, the methodwhich comprises circulatingat a controlled rate an excess of an emulsion of a vpitchy binder in aWater suspension of colloidal substances such as clay from a lowerreceptacle to a receptacle at a higher elevation, withdrawing acontrolled stream of the circulating emulsion from the upper receptacleand returning the excess of the circulating emulsion by gravity to thelower receptacle, adding a controlled stream of dilution water to thewithdrawn emulsion stream, supplying the diluted stream of emulsion to apaper forming machine, applying the diluted emulsion to a traveling webof paper being formed on the paper machine, varying the rate ofWithdrawal of the emulsion stream in accordance with the speed of travelof the web of paper to thereby control the amount of emulsioningredients applied to the paper web per unit length, and varying therate of addition of dilution water to the withdrawn emulsion stream inaccordance with the liquid level of the diluted emulsion in the paperforming machine to thereby control the total amount of liquid in theemulsion supplied to the paper independently of the amount of emulsioningredients supplied thereto.

11. In paper making apparatus of the character described, a tank adaptedto contain a pitchy binder material, heating means for said tank tomaintain said pitchy binder in fluid condition, a circulation line forsaid tank, a head-box within said circulation line, a pump within saidline for circulating pitchy binder from said tank to said head box, asecond tank adapted. to contain a water suspension of colloidal materialsuch as clay, va circulation line for said second tank,-

a head-box within said circulation line, a pump within said clrculationline for circulating the water suspension from said second ,andproportioned streams of the pitchy binder and the water suspension fromtheir respective head-boxes and for introducing the streams into saidemulsion forming tank, means for returning the excess pitchy binder andwater suspension supplied to their respective head-boxes to theirrespective tanks, a paper forming machine, and means for supplying anemulsion from said emulsion forming tank to said paper forming machine.

12. In paper making apparatus of the character described, a tank adaptedto contain a pitchy binder material, heating means for said tank tomaintain said pitchy binder in a fluid condition, a circulation line forsaid tank, a head-box Within said circulation line, a pump within saidline for circulating pitchy binder from said tank to said head- .box, asecond tank adapted to contain a water suspension of colloidal materialsuch as clay, a circulation line for said second tank, a head-box withinsaid circulation line, a pump within said circulation line forcirculating the water suspension from said second tank to said head-box,an emulsion forming tank having agitating means therein, a pump forwithdrawing a controlled stream of said pitchy binder from itsrespective headb'ox and for supplying it to said emulsion forming tank,a cooling coil for cooling said pitchy binder prior to its introductioninto said emulsion forming tank, a second pump for withdrawing acontrolled stream of water suspension from its respective head-box andfor introducing it into said emulsion forming tank, synchronized drivingmeans for said two last mentioned pumps, a paper forming machine, andmeans for supplying an emulsion from said emulsion forming tank to saidpaper forming machine.

13. In paper making apparatus of the character described, a tank adaptedto contain a pitchy binder material, heating means for said tank tomaintain said pitchy binder in a fluid condition, a circulation line forsaid tank, a head-box within said circulation line, a pump within saidline for circulating pitchy binder from said tank to said headbox, asecond tank adapted to contain a water suspension of colloidal materialsuch as clay, a. circulation line for said second tank, a head-boxwithin said circulation line, a screen within said circulation line, apump within said circulation line for circulating the water suspensionfrom said second tank to said head-box and for passing it through saidscreen, an emulsion forming tank having agitating means therein, a pumpfor withdrawing a controlled stream of said pitchy binder V formingtank, a second pump for withdrawing a controlled stream of watersuspension from its. respective head-box and for introduclng it intosaid emulsion forming tank, a

heating coil for heating the withdrawn stream of water suspension priorto its introduction into said emulsion tank, synchronized driving meansfor said two last mentionedpumps, a paper forming machine, and means forsupplying an emulsion from said emulsion forming tank to said paperforming machine. 1

14. In paper making apparatus of the character described, a tank adaptedto contain a pitchy binder material. heating means for said tank tomaintain said pitchy binder in a fluid condition, a circulation line forsaid tank, a head-box within said circulation line,

a pump within said line for circulating pitchy binder from said tank tosaid head-box, a second tank adapted to contain a water suspension ofcolloidal material such as clay, a circulation line for said secondtank, a head-box within said circulation line, a pump within saidcirculation line for circulating the water suspension from said secondtank to said head-box, an emulsion forming tank having agitating meanstherein, a pump for withdrawing a controlled stream of pitchy binderfrom its respective head-box and for introducing the. same" into saidemulsion forming tank. a second pump for withdrawing a controlled streamof water suspension from its respective head-box and for intro ducingthe same into said emulsion forming tank, a common driving means, adriving interconnection between said common driving means and one ofsaid pumps, a driving interconnection between said onepump and the otherof said pumps, whereby said pumps are operated at synchronized speeds, apaper forming machine, and means for supplying an emulsion from saidemulsion forming tank to said paper forming machine.

15. In paper making apparatus ofthe char acter described, a tank adaptedto contain a pitchy binder material, heating means for said tank tomaintain said pitchy binder in a fluid condition, a second tank adaptedto contain a water suspension of colloidal material such as clay, anemulsion forming tank having agitating means therein. apump forwithdrawing a controlled stream of pitchy binder and for introducing thesame into said emulsion forming tank. a secondpump for withdrawing acontrolled stream of water suspension and for introducing the same intosaid emulsion forming tank, a common driving means, a drivinginterconnection between said common driving means and one of said pumps,a driving interconnection between said one pump and the other of saidpumps, change speed mechanism in said first mentioned driving connectionwhereby the total amounts of pitchy binder and water suspension ofcolloidal substance may be proportionately varied, change speedmechanism in said second mentioned driving connection whereby therelative amounts of said pitchy binder and water suspension of colloidalsubstance may be varied to alter the proportions thereof, a paperforming machine, and means for supplying an emulsion from said emulsionforming tank to said paper forming machine.

16. In apparatus of the character described, an emulsion forming tank,agitating means therein, a plurality of thinning tanks, valve controlledconnections for selectively connecting said emulsion forming tank witheach of said thinning tanks, means for adding dilution liquid to each ofsaid thinning tanks, a pump, valve controlled connections forselectively connecting each of said thinning tanks to the intake of saidpump, an emulsion storage tank, a connection from the discharge of saidpump to said emulsion storage tan a paper forming machine, and means forsupplying emulsion from said emulsion storage tank to said paper formingmachine.

17. In apparatus of the character described, and in combination, anemulsion storagetank, a head-box positioned at an elevation above saidstorage tank, a circulating line from said storage tank to saidhead-box, a pump within said circulating line for withdrawing emulsionfrom said storage tank and for supplying the same to said head-box,means for withdrawing a controlled stream of emulsion from saidhead-box, a gravity feedconnection for returning the excess emulsionsupplied to said head-box to said storage tank, a connection for addinga controlled stream of dilution liquid to said withdrawn emulsion.stream, a paper forming machine, and a connection for supplying saiddiluted emulsion stream to said paper forming machine.

18. In apparatus of the character described, and in combination, anemulsion storage tank, a head-box positioned at an elevation above saidstorage tank, a circulating line from said storage tank to saidhead-box,

a pump within said circulating line for withdrawing emulsion from saidstorage tank and for supplying the same to said head-box,

means for withdrawing a controlled stream emulsion stream, a paperforming machine having a vat, a connection for supplying said dilutedemulsion stream to said vat, a rotary roll dipping within the emulsionWithin said vat, means for varying the rate of Withdrawal of theemulsion stream from said head-box to thereby vary the quantity ofemulsion ingredients supplied to said vat, and means for varying therate of supply of dilution liquid to said withdrawn emulsion stream tothereby vary the total quantity of liquid supplied to said vatindependently of the quantity of emulsion ingredients supplied thereto.

19. In apparatus of the character described, a cylinder forming machinehaving a plurality of cylinder molds for forming a multiple layertraveling web of paper, a vat positioned intermediate two of saidcylinder molds and adapted to contain a waterproofing liquid therein, arotary roll dipping within the liquid within said vat, means for feedinga stream of waterproofing liquid to said vat, means for adding adilution liquid to said vat, means for varying the rate of feed of theWaterproofing liquid to said vat to thereby vary the quantity ofWaterproofing ingredients supplied to said vat, and means for varyingthe rate of supply of dilution liquid to said vat tothereby vary thetotal quantity of liquid supplied thereto independently of the quantityof Waterproofing ingredients supplied thereto.

20. In the manufacture of paper, the method which comprises continuouslyWithdrawing from bulk supplies controlled and definitely proportionedstreams of fluid bitumihous binder and water suspension of a colloidalsubstance such as clay, admixing these Withdrawn streams at a controlledtemperature to form an emulsion, Withdrawing a stream of formed emulsiontherefrom, diluting the withdrawn emulsion with water, continuouslysupplying the diluted emulsion to a paper making machine,

.and independently controlling the rate of supply of the stream offormed emulsion and the rate of supply of the dilution Water.

In testimony whereof I hereto atlix' my signature.

ARTHUR R. HARVEY.

continuously

